How to Transplant a Tree

Overcrowding often decreases the number of nutrients plants absorb from soil. This can cause developmental problems and even stunt growth. Digging up small trees and moving them to a new location can be intimidating, but it's often necessary to grow healthy plants. Keep reading to learn everything you need to know about transplanting trees — both evergreen and deciduous.

Late fall or winter, when the plant is dormant, is the best time to move deciduous shrubs and trees. Growth is at a standstill, meaning you won't have to worry about transplant shock. You can also move deciduous trees in early spring, just as the buds begin to swell. The swelling buds are the first sign of growth on the upper portion of the plant, and in another week or so, the roots will begin to grow as well. For evergreen trees, it's best to transplant in late summer or early fall so the roots have time to establish before cold weather arrives.

For a smooth transition, dig the new hole first. This prevents the roots of the tree from drying out while the new hole is being prepared. If you have to wait, even half an hour, wrap the root ball in several layers of moist newspaper or some burlap so the roots don't dry out. Save the dug-up soil for later. Pro Tip: When digging, keep in mind that the hole should be wider, not deeper. The vast majority of a plant's roots reside in the top 12 inches of soil, so it isn't necessary to dig deeper than that, especially in the case of a small tree like this. Even when transplanting a much larger tree, one that's twice this size or more, you don't need to dig down more than 18" to 24".

Now that the new location is prepped, you're ready to transplant. First, soak the roots of the tree with a water hose. Using a shovel, dig in a circle until the plant moves easily. Not sure how wide to dig the root ball? Measure the trunk one foot off the ground. Then, measure the caliper (diameter) of the tree at that point and multiply that by 18. The number you get is the diameter of the root ball that should be dug. Slice through the soil at a slight angle toward the base of the tree, using sharp shovel movements to prevent root damage. Lift up with the shovel as you go to loosen the roots.